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Evidence literacy

Why context changes what a number means

Launch library · evergreen read

Photo: Families Belong Together - San Rafael Rally - Photo - 37 (29069640318) by Fabrice Florin from Mill Valley, USA (CC BY-SA 2.0), via Openverse

The same number can mean very different things depending on what it is being compared against. A figure that sounds alarming in isolation might be unremarkable once set against a historical trend, a comparable population, or the scale of the issue it is meant to describe in the first place.

Providing context, such as showing change over time or comparison against a relevant benchmark, helps an audience judge a number fairly rather than reacting purely to its size on the page. Numbers presented without any point of comparison are far easier to misread, intentionally or otherwise, by a busy reader.

Campaigns that consistently provide honest context, even when a starker, context free number might seem more persuasive in the short term, tend to build a reputation for reliability that serves them far better across the life of a long running campaign than any single dramatic figure would, even one that briefly grabs far more attention at the time.

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